Thes Ninth Symphony As Ideological Or Political - 1693 Words

Candidate number: GDYL5 Total amount of words: 1699 ELCS6060 – Hearing Culture(s): Contextualised soundscapes of Europe (1770-1914) 1. Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony As Ideological Or Political. If there is one piece of music that has been discussed and used more than any other is Beethoven’s ninth Symphony. From political meetings to sport matches, Beethoven’s piece has been used for all kinds of purposes and by a wide variety of people, and it always seems to be supporting whatever ideas whoever uses it has. In this essay I intend to deepen into the various ideological and political environments in which the piece has been played and to explain why it has been a reference for several different ideologies and ideas, especially focusing on the 20th Century. After a seven-year hiatus, including the war, in 1953 a significant number of the most important politicians in Europe gathered together in West Germany to hear the re-opening of the Bayreuth Festival. The piece played that night was Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony, and it doesn’t seem to be a random choice. The last of Beethoven’s symphonies seems to appeal to all kinds of people in all ideologies. The Ode To Joy in the last movement of the piece talks about brotherhood and harmony among all people. This message can be approached from any point of view and still make it support one’s ideologies. In this occasion it was seen as a celebration of the new unified Western Europe after the

The War On Poverty And Poverty - 1290 Words

In 1964, Lyndon B. Johnson stood in front of our nation and made a declaration that the United States is in an â€Å"unconditional war† on poverty in America. Fifty-two years later the United States taxpayers have spent over twenty-two trillion dollars on anti-poverty programs. Although the poverty rate has decreased tremendously poverty is still an issue as of today. Poverty refers to the condition where people’s basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met. Poverty is separated into two categories; absolute poverty, and relative poverty. Absolute poverty measures the number of people living below a certain income threshold or the number of households unable to afford certain basic goods and services. Relative poverty measures the extent to which a household’s financial resources falls below an average income threshold for the economy. The â€Å"war on poverty† refers to an administration act that was introduced by Lyndon B. Johnson and was passed by congress. The goal of this legislation act was not only to relieve the symptoms of poverty, but to cure it and, above all, prevent it (Everything You Need, n.d.). The act was comprised of four major subcomponents. The first major subcomponent that would help fight the poverty issue was the Social Security Amendment of 1965. This legislation act created both Medicare and Medicaid and also extended Social Security benefits to retirees, widowers, the disabled, and college-aged students. The second major piece ofShow MoreRelatedThe War On Poverty And Poverty1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe War on Poverty Poverty in the United States would appear to be an oxymoron. Considering the United States of America is one of the most prolific economies in today’s global market. However, according to the US Census Bureau forty-seven million Americans live in poverty today. â€Å"Poverty condemns millions of people throughout the world to live in deplorable and inhuman conditions. These people are trapped in a cycle of poverty, living in places offering little protection from the rain, wind, andRead MoreWar On Poverty And Poverty1662 Words   |  7 Pagesyou can recall, war on poverty was declared more than 50 years ago. Yet, more than 46 million Americans continue to live in poverty. Thus, with bipartisan support, policies and programs have been passed by the various administrations making a significant impact on reducing poverty, but not winning the battle. Poverty is a concerning matter that must be nationally recognized given the fact that the issues and obstacles faced by the impov erished are the root cause of constant poverty among communitiesRead MoreWar on Poverty1156 Words   |  5 PagesWar on Poverty I believe poverty is a big social issue in America. Poverty can be the main cause of robberies, drugs, alcoholism, prostitution, and homelessness. These are some examples that concern me the most. Many people in this country don’t realize how serious this issue is, although we see it happening all the time. This issue is so overwhelming that it’s not brought up by many people nowadays. Poverty in this country has been since America was established. There has always been povertyRead MoreAnalysis of The War on Poverty787 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"War on Poverty†, introduced by former US President, Lyndon B. Johnson during his State of the Union address, was the unofficial name for legislation. President Johnson delivered his War on Poverty speech at a time of recovery in which the poverty level had fallen from 22.4% in 1959 to 19% in 1964. Critics saw it as an effort to get the United States Congress to authorize social welfare programs. [1] During Johnson’s 1964 Presidential campaign, he often spoke about his vision for America. Read MoreBrain Storm : The New War On Poverty1269 Words   |  6 PagesBrain Storm: The New War on Poverty How the media portrays those living in poverty initiated many new chapters in scholarly research. Very few, however, address the media’s depiction of the poor during times of disaster (natural or manmade). The issue of poverty is mostly understood through the frames in which the media presents it. As the media continues to use episodic frames (individual causes) over thematic frames that seek to address poverty in its entirety (Iyengar, 1990), the frames deliverRead MoreThe Evolution Of Poverty During The Civil War1654 Words   |  7 Pages THE EVOLUTION OF POVERTY IN AMERICA Missy Worrells Modern History 1073 November 19, 2014 â€Æ' The Evolution of Poverty in America Poverty is a hardship that has existed in every milestone of American history. War impacted the economy of the country after the Civil War. The twentieth century would see wars, natural disasters, and economical depressions that contributed to the developing culture of poverty. Poverty in any time period is a shattering experience. While being poorRead MorePresident Johnson s War On Poverty2132 Words   |  9 Pages Since President Johnson’s ‘War on Poverty’ campaign in the 1960s, many public policies have been implemented to help people in poverty. The United States has the highest rate of poverty among all other industrialized nations (Komoro, Flay, Biglan, 2011). Unemployment, social inequalities, health disparities, incarceration, housing and rates of impoverished children are just some of the social problems in poverty, and they are on the rise (Komoro, Flay, Biglan, 2011). Development in impoverishedRead MorePoverty Is More Important Than A War Of Nations1769 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Wars of nations are fought to change maps. But wars of poverty are fought to map change.† Here, Muhammad Ali, a former famous American professional boxer, parallels wars of nations to simply changing petty lines on a map, while compares wars on poverty to changing the well being of others for the better, not war. A war on poverty is more important than a war of nations because in Ali’s eyes people are all the same and should focus on helping rather than hurting each other. Overall, poverty is aRead MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson Declared A War On Poverty1219 Words   |  5 PagesHistory In 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson declared a war on poverty in his State of the Union address. Johnson s aim was to not only relieve the symptoms of poverty, but to cure and prevent it. The war on poverty took shape as a comprehensive effort to address the needs of the nation, nearly half of whom were children. The war moved from concept to reality when the Economic Opportunity Act was passed by Congress in August 1964. The establishment of the Head Start preschool was authorized underRead MoreHow the Federal Bilingual Education Act of 1968 Ended the War on Poverty1699 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to examine how the Federal Bilingual Education Act of 1968, ended the War on Poverty. Bilingual education is the use of more than one language to deliver curriculum content. The bilingual education system is designed for students to become proficient in English, and also encourage students to become bi-cultural; and function in two, or more linguistic and cultural groups. The policy expressed U.S commitment to the needs of the growing number of children in the public

Treetop Forest Products Ltd free essay sample

Treetop Forest Products Ltd is a sawmill operation in Oregon, USA, that is owned by major forest products company but operates independently of headquarters. It was built thirty years ago and was completely updated with new machinery five years ago. Treetop has one general manager, sixteen supervisors and support staff, and 180 unionised employees. The mill is divided into six operating departments: boom, sawmill, planer, packaging, shipping and maintenance. And packaging department is separate from the rest of Treetop operations. The short term problem: packaging department’s poor productivity. The long term problem: packaging department’s quality and company’s cohesiveness. Question 1: Based on your knowledge of team dynamics, explain why the packaging department is less productive than are other teams at Treetop. Answer: Team Dynamics are the unseen forces that operate in a team between different people or groups. Team Dynamics can strongly influence how a team reacts, behaves or performs, and the effects of team dynamics are often very complex. Suppose in a small team of six people working in one office there are two people who have a particularly strong friendship. This friendship is a natural force that may have an influence on the rest of the team, and can be manifest in various ways, either positively or negatively. Other factors can also play an influence. For example, if a wall of cupboards were to be placed across the middle of the office, this would also form a natural force that influences the communication flow and may separate the group into two further sub-groups. Sometimes, an absence of a natural force can also be a team dynamic. For example, if the leader or manager is permanently removed from the office, the group may be drawn into a change of behaviour. Team cohesiveness:  · degree of attraction people feel toward the team and their motivation to remain members.  ·calculative – members believe the team will fulfill goals and needs.  ·Emotional – team is part of person’s social identity. The relationship between cohesiveness and performance:  ·When team norms support company goals and team cohesiveness is high, it will lead to high task performance.  ·When team norms support company goals and team cohesiveness is low, it will lead to moderately high task performance.  ·When team norms oppose company goals and team cohesiveness is high, it will lead to low task performance. When team norms oppose company goals and team cohesiveness is low, it will lead to moderately low task performance. If a company’s norms are counterproductive and the company has high cohesiveness, the employees work harder, the worse result they will get, that means lower task performance. In this case, the packaging departm ent of Treetop doesn’t has a supervisor, and the planer supervisor is responsible for the packaging department on the morning shift, and the sawmill supervisor is responsible for the packaging department on the afternoon shift. But the packaging operation is housed in a separate building from the other departments, so supervisors seldom visit the packaging department. So the first factor is that packaging department’s employees make some norms by themselves, such as they extend lunch by ten minutes and coffee breaks by five minutes, and typically leave work a few minutes before the end of the shift, their goals are oppose to the company’s benefit. The second factor is that packaging department’s team cohesiveness is high. All employees in this department are lazy and not willing to work hard. Question 2: How should Treetop change the non-productive norms that exist in the packaging group? Answer: Solutions and Consequences: 1. To counteract the social loafing the company should: Increase feelings of indispensability. Doing this within the group would motivate the employees. Increase performance feedback, so that employees will know how to improve themselves as well as knowing what they did well. Reward group performance. Pros:  ·Highly motivated in what they are doing   They would feel belonging to the company since they would know what the company’s goals are. 2. To have a more structured environment, Treetop should hire and train a new supervisor only for the packaging department. Pros:  ·Ã‚  This solution will decrease inventory costs and increase the production and quality of the finished products.  ·Ã‚  Effective communication between the other departments to balance the productivi ty levels Cons:  ·Ã‚  The salary and training of this new employee will increase the company’s costs. 3. To reduce the overtime costs, limits should be put on the amount of overtime hours an employee is allowed to use, along with a deadline for a specific amount of products. Pros:  ·Ã‚  This would decrease the overtime salary costs  ·Ã‚  This would increase productivity due to the fixed goals.  ·Ã‚  This would decrease the extended break and lunch times. Cons:  ·Ã‚  Because these goals are imposed, the employees may be reluctant to achieve them. To avoid this situation, the goals could be discussed therefore increasing the probability of their achievement. Question 3: What structural and other changes would you recommend that may improve this situation in the long term? Answer: 1. Group evaluations could be necessary to measure the group’s performance and to see if the actions taken are resolving the problems. Let the packaging department form some groups, then do some competition in these groups. Which group’s product is the best and the productivity is highest, the group will be awarded by some bonus. So the employees are willing to make high quality product and improve their productivity. . Communication should be improved between the departments to stop the unbalanced productivity. This would resolve part of the inventory costs problems. Upper management should also put someone in charge of the packaging team. In one hand, the upper management can know what these employees want and need, in the other hand, the upper management can change these non-productive norms little by little, instead of changing suddenly. 3. If necessary, Treetop can reorganize its packaging department. Fire all the employees who are following the non-productive norms, and hire new employees to let them know the right norm of the packaging department. Conclusion: Team cohesiveness is very important, but only the team norms support company goals and high team cohesiveness can lead high task performance. It’s better to hire a supervisor for each department to supervise the employees. Even though the expense will be high, but the company will earn it back in long term. Do group evaluations or department evaluations, so each department and group will work hard.

The Self as a Concept of Identity in the Society

The self is a concept of identity developed from the social setting. This means that an individual acquires identity from the mental reflection of the society (Mead, 2012). Julia Wood illustrates personal identity as a phenomenon developed from the interaction between an individual and the society (Wood, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Self as a Concept of Identity in the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As the individual interacts with the society, he or she develops a concept of self. Alternatively, self is an individual’s judgment of the society’s perception towards him or her. Identity is built progressively as one understands other people’s perceptions. Since for one to create an identity, he or she has to imagine other people’s thoughts, imagination is part of self (Cooley, 2011). Other people’s thoughts as imagined by an individual include the society’s perception of one’s own thoughts. One starts to build an identity by interacting with the initial family members or guardians, who are of immediate significant importance. At this point, a child learns that there are other entities with a perception, and is immediately conscious of their perceptions towards them. This is the first instance of creation of self (Mead, 2006). It is notable that the first instance of creation of identity arises from outside the body of an individual. Furthermore, self-perception arises from interaction between the individual and the immediate members of the society. The first people an individual interacts with are identified as particular others. Wood says that even gender orientation is acquired from the perceived expectations of close family members. People slowly assume roles in the society according to the perceived expectations of family members or immediate guardians. A definition of one as an individual is first made by p articular others (Wood, 2007). Self-esteem is based on the nature of utterances by particular others concerning one’s personality. As a child grows, she understands that other people have different perceptions and thoughts. One imagines what other people might be thinking of them and identity becomes a more complex concept. This imagination is known as reflection or self-appraisal. Woods illustrates this using Charles coolers concept of looking-glass reflection (Wood, 2007).Advertising Looking for research paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that the society is a glass mirror through which an individual sees a reflection of oneself. As one develops a more complex identity, a set of guidelines governing one’s life are created. These guidelines are known as identity scripts and they govern beliefs, which are often beyond our ability to influence. When identity has been deve loped up to a certain level, one then learns how to form relationships with others. Every individual has a perception of how one should feel in a relationship with a particular person based on one’s experiences during identity development. The formed attachment with others may be secure or in secure or insecure depending on the past relationships with close family members or guardians (Cooley, 2011). Finally, one develops a concept of self that depends on generalized others, which is a conception of what the society expects of an individual (Wood, 2007). This aspect is characterized by gender roles and responsibilities based on the status of an individual in the society. Different societies lead to development of different self-perceptions, and thus varying nature of identities. In the societies of the west, racial background constitutes identity. Consequently, an individual in the western society is always conscious of his or her color. This perception has been passed on for generations since colonization and slavery began. In the United States, it is common for people to be referred to by the color of their skin, although whites are generally not described by their color since they are often considered normal. Such observations create a perception of difference between races. In almost all societies, gender plays a major role in formation of identity and self. Members of different genders will be treated differently, with males being favored for better opportunities and treatment. While women are expected to have laid back personalities, men are expected to be competition conscious (Wood, 2007). These perceptions are prevalent in all societies with varying degrees of significance. Gender roles and perceptions are developed during growth of a person. Although gender is defined to a significant extent by biological factors, social responses to an individual govern development of certain gender traits.Advertising We will write a custom research pape r sample on The Self as a Concept of Identity in the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic and social status can also be a powerful factor influencing the nature of self as created by an individual. For a person who earns minimum wage, it does not seem proper to patronize a five star restaurant or hotel. Such a person will seek the services of a restaurant that offers things that are usually affordable to him or her even when the services to be sought are relatively cheap in all restaurants (Wood, 2007). Since the society has always expected the particular individual to seek the services of a hotel or restaurant offering services to people of a particular social standing, a rich person will feel odd and out of place if he or she seeks the services of a restaurant where most of the patrons are those who earn minimum wages. Moreover, people use comparisons of individuals to gauge their social-economic status (Wood, 2007). An individual will consider oneself successful if his or her performance surpasses that of most people in the society. All the scripts are a result of the influence of generalized other, which is an inherent component of identity in adult life. The mass media influences people’s perspective of self. Culture and expectation of an individual in the social and economic setting are reflected upon by mass media, which disseminates information based on societal expectations. Most programs including movies and publications by dailies are tailored to reflect the society’s expectations by the manner in which the characters shown are depicted (James, 1994). For example, it is unusual for a television program meant to present a real life situation to show scenes of a family setting with members of the family in questions playing reversed roles. Aired television programs will usually reflect the true perceptions and expectations of the society. Famous television personalities influe nce the manner in which an individual relates to people around him or her. In conclusion, the society and the interaction between the society and the individual define self. Gradual learning of the society’s perception of an individual creates identity. Imagination is also a central aspect in creation of self, and an individual will have certain imagination regarding the society’s expectations of his or her person.Advertising Looking for research paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, this contemporary view of oneself conflicts with classical theories such as Cartesian existentialism, which defines existence by beginning with the perception of self. For Cartesian philosophy, the society is perceived after self-identity has been created. Mirror glass self defines identity as a reflection, where the society acts as the mirror that reflects one’s identity. References Cooley, C. (2011, May 4). The Looking Glass Self. The Work. Retrieved from www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/INDEX.HTML#cooley James, W. (1994). The Physical Basis of Emotion.. Psychological Review, 101(2), 205-10. Mead, H. (2012, January 1). Geocities.The Self, the I, and the Me. Retrieved from www.geocities.com/tdeddins/Reader288-292pg293- 295.htm Mead, G. G. (2006, February 1). The Self in Society. Pfeiffer. Retrieved from www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/INDEX.HTML#mead Wood, J. T. (2007). Interpersonal communication: everyday encounters(6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub.. This research paper on The Self as a Concept of Identity in the Society was written and submitted by user Chad Joseph to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.